Abstract [1] Emission measurements were made for major gases and PM 2.5 mass for a post PanaMax Class container vessel operating on heavy fuel oil at sea. Additional measurements were made for PM composition, elemental and organic carbon, select hydrocarbons, including PAHs, carbonyls, and n-alkanes. The testing followed the International Standard Organization protocols for emission measurements and operating test cycle. Results showed the weighted emission factor for NO x and PM 2.5 were 19. Bmw Navigation Firmware Update V32 Download Games. 77 ± 0.28 and 2.40 ± 0.05 g/kWh, respectively.
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The study provided a rare opportunity to repeat measurements made three years earlier on the same vessel. Emission factors of CO 2 and NO x closely matched the earlier values, suggesting a low deterioration factor. Results showed the black carbon emission factor was 0.007 ± 0.001 g/kWh, an important metric for determining the radiative forcing contribution of marine engines. • • 1. Introduction [2] Emissions from the oceangoing vessels (OGVs) pose significant concern to coastal air quality. Concerns have been raised on the NO x, SO x, and PM emission levels from two stroke marine diesel engines operating on the heavy fuel oil [,;;;;;; ].
The ongoing scientific debate on the uncertainties in the available ship emission inventories [; ] leads us to a challenging task of developing in use emission factors from various different ship engine types and to present a comprehensive emission inventory to the community. [3] Many past studies [,;;;;;;;;,;;;,; ] have focused on developing emission inventories from OGVs. Recently, characterized particulate matter and gaseous emissions from a large cargo vessel., presented emission factors from a main engine, auxiliary engine, and boiler operating on a crude oil tanker at sea. Presents detailed chemical, physical, and optical properties of particulate emissions by analyzing plumes of up to 211 commercial shipping vessels. Measured microphysical and chemical properties in the exhaust gas of a four stroke marine diesel engine under various load conditions. Presented results for emissions of particulate matter from a turbocharged common rail two-stroke marine diesel engine.,, and carried out emission measurements from main engines of ferries and various auxiliary engines and reported emissions data for speciated hydrocarbons. Lloyd's Register of Shipping has performed testing of multiple engines to determine emission factors for the principal marine diesel engine exhaust emission species.